CPTED emphasizes which four principles in physical security planning?

CPTED emphasizes which four principles in physical security planning?

• A. Deterrence, Alarm Systems, Fencing, and Patrol
• B. Natural Surveillance, Natural Access Control, Territorial Reinforcement, and Maintenance
• C. Access Control, Perimeter Defense, Incident Reporting, Training
• D. Risk Assessment, Budgeting, Compliance, Auditing

Answer: (B)

CPTED uses how the physical environment is designed to reduce crime opportunities by making spaces easier to watch, easier to access legitimately, clearly owned, and well cared for. Natural surveillance means designing for clear visibility so people can observe activity and potential offenders feel those eyes on them—think open sightlines, well-lit areas, and active street edges. Natural access control involves guiding people and restricting entry points so legitimate users have convenient, obvious routes while opportunities for crime are minimized. Territorial reinforcement uses physical and social cues—clear boundaries, signage, and maintained property—that convey ownership and accountability, discouraging trespass and neglect. Maintenance ties the others together by ensuring the environment stays functional and cared for, signaling active guardianship and reducing signals of vulnerability that criminals look for. Other options emphasize alarms, fencing, or management tasks, which aren’t the CPTED four principles.

CPTED uses how the physical environment is designed to reduce crime opportunities by making spaces easier to watch, easier to access legitimately, clearly owned, and well cared for. Natural surveillance means designing for clear visibility so people can observe activity and potential offenders feel those eyes on them—think open sightlines, well-lit areas, and active street edges. Natural access control involves guiding people and restricting entry points so legitimate users have convenient, obvious routes while opportunities for crime are minimized. Territorial reinforcement uses physical and social cues—clear boundaries, signage, and maintained property—that convey ownership and accountability, discouraging trespass and neglect. Maintenance ties the others together by ensuring the environment stays functional and cared for, signaling active guardianship and reducing signals of vulnerability that criminals look for. Other options emphasize alarms, fencing, or management tasks, which aren’t the CPTED four principles.